The effects of technology on teenagers

The modern technical world is swiftly changing and advancing before our very eyes. applied science has extend part of our every day lives with, mobile ph champions, laptops, iPods, Wi-Fi spots obtainable nearly everywhere, mp3 players and an enormous array of gaming consoles there is no avoiding it. engine room has fully developed into the twenty-first century and seems to have brought with it an unending dip of potential detriments. These especially have negative effects on teenagers although it is argued that engineering science may have too provided a positive impact on todays youth, for instance, an increase in social activity.I myself, creation a teenager of the 21st century coffin nailnot even begin to penetrate the capabilities of technology. The possibilities ar literally endless, however if used without discretion it could also compose a generation that solely relies on technology for satisfaction and happiness. The runner main problem technology brings to te enagers is the internet a global interlock connecting millions of computers. Now you may be failing to see what the problem is in this description moreover the budding dangers of the Internet atomic number 18 extremely steep and be all around even if they dont seem obvious at first.Seeing as the Internet is a broad part of a teenagers life because it provides so legion(predicate) positive opportunities, it isnt hard to fall into the easy traps of the Internet. For example cultivation such as pictures, projects, videos and documents can be sent with a riffle of a button it primarily simplifies teenage life. So, where is the issue in this? The winder issue is that whatever goes on the Internet can never real be gone, even after it has been deleted. The moment that something is posted online, it falls into the workforce of millions of strangers who can then download that photo or video, or only a copy of that post.My main point is that what goes on the Internet stay o n the Internet and could most standardizedly end up downloaded on someones computer. Recently, this issue has affected more and more teenagers. This is in the first place because the youth of today argon so used to using the Internet, it has become a part of their life but so many are unaware of how to stay safe online. In addition to potentially set yourself in danger at the click of a button, technology can also take a toll on your behaviour. As teenagers we are still discovering ourselves and establishing our identities.The majority of us have a ironlike relish for acceptance in society and the images that are available for teenagers to see on the Internet or on television have a strong effect on the process of becoming who we are. These images often stimulate the ideals of the gross(a) body or how you should behave, especially for offspring girls. In one study, 69% of girls said that models they see on television fix their idea of what a consummate(a) body shape is. With this much influence from technology it isnt surprising that eating disorders have grown 400% since 1970.Girls as young as eight years old are becoming conscious(p) of their weight because of these ideals that are set by the world of technology. As upsetting as these statistics are, it does reflect life for young people in the 21st century. Most teenagers can say they have been influenced by the images they see online but the real problem that technology brings is that nowadays, more often than not these influences are being taken to extremities. Most importantly, technology can be bear upon our health.During the past 20 years, obesity in young people has go drastically and the main contributor is technology. Today, teenagers spend a lot more time in front of the television, or playing video games or using computers. Technology has become a constant companion, all replacing the idea of active play. More than 40 studies have proven that technology contributes to an inactive lif estyle and weight gain in teenagers. Therefore, this issue is also a reflection of teenage life nowadays as electric razor obesity has become a social epidemicOverall, technology is the perfect example of what life is like in the UK in the 21st century. It is the one thing that has developed the most throughout the years almost to an achievement where people rely on it so much they cannot live without it. It is surely a huge aspect of young peoples lives as a recent survey showed that 93% of all teenagers aged 12-17 uses the Internet or emails. The worrying statistic is that 58% of teens dont believe that bank note photos or other personal information on social networking sites is unsafe.Things like this are an even bigger aspect of teenage life and unluckily also reflects life in the 21st century as teenagers are becoming increasingly active online and are at a extravagantly risk of falling into the trap of online predators. Nevertheless, I am not completely against technolog y. I am part of that 93% of teenagers and of course it does have its benefits too, such as educating us, making life easier and simply for its entertainment and social capabilities.

Kelley School of Business Essay

line of business has had a captivation over my intellectual interests ever since my freshmen year of game up school. I chose to be independent and wanted to make my own path in my field of my interests and hence chose finance. I wish to make an accommodate-to doe with on the business world and alike be a palmy entrepreneur. I pee started early and taken the steps to ensure my victory in the field. I have always liked subjects like mathematics, accounting system and counsel and this is why I chose to major in Business. This is my 2nd semester at Kelley and I started off with my intention to major in pay. But later on exploring more opportunities I plan to major in Accounting and Finance with a minor in Economics. I then plan to cultivate in a financial institution for couple of years and germinate for GMAT simultaneously. I want to get into the best Business school for my MBA. Furthermore, I plan to work at a good positioning in a good institution and reach the top l evel management of that institution. My goal is to become a CFO of a company. I have always been involved in a lot of intra-collegiate and inter-collegiate festivals in high school.I have performed duties of a Division Representative, Contingent Leader, etc. and represented my high school/junior college in city-level festivals. I have managed to earnings one of Mumbais (India) biggest inter-collegiate festival. I am an active member of the supranational Club, Indian Students Advisory Council (ISAC), Indian Students Cultural Association (ISCA) and Student Activities scheduling Board (SAPB) at IUPUI. I have performed a dance and traveled the storm for ISACs biggest festival here on campus. Additionally, I have volunteered to walk the ramp for International Clubs biggest event of the year, International air and Cultural Show. I also plan on applying for the publicizing Officer position for International Club and Cultural Secretary position for ISAC.I love volunteering and I thi nk its a very good way to serve the community. I have volunteered for 5 checkup camps back in Mumbai and have also been a part of a NGO i.e., Once again green. We basically looked for the greenery in the city and planted new trees every weekend. At IUPUI I have volunteered at the Boys and Girls Club of Indianapolis which was my best experience so far. Also, I have volunteered for IUPUI Flag corps. Recently, I volunteered for MLK day of service and felt attached to the community.Furthermore, I have registered to volunteer for the Kelley Career Fair on Feb 12th, 2012. Well, I am taking 18 credit hours this semester. I do have a scholarship of $4,000 every semester but my papa still ends up gainful $14,000. Being an International Student our hires is much more than the In-State students it becomes really expensive. My dad also pays for my rent and individualised expense which comes to about $1000-1200 every month. Hence, I am applying for various scholarships and programs which c an help me pay my tuition fee and reduce the burden on my dad. Furthermore, I am looking for more job opportunities to get hands on experience and get my personal expenses covered.I am a direct admit to the Kelley School of Business. I have also been awarded Deans Recognition Scholarship of $32,000 for 4 years. I successfully secured a GPA of 3.614 in my first semester of my fresher year and hence I was fortunate enough and gain credit rating to be admitted to Kelley School of Business, Deans Honor List. In addition, I have been invited to be a member of the National Society of collegiate Scholars (NSCS). I have been dedicated to Kelley school throughout. I have also been asked by my Kelley Academic Advisor to be interviewed for a video and printed real(a) to recruit other International students.

Macbeth the Weird Sisters Drive Macbeth to His Destruction

In shakespears Macbeth, the weird sisters are exclusively one of the contributions to Macbeths wipeout. Though they do play a role, the other characters such(prenominal) as brothel keeper Macbeth and even Macbeth himself contributes towards his destruction, with immense ambition and greed to arrive king. The prophecies which the witches make are whole temptations for Macbeth. The weird sisters never tell Macbeth what to do with these suggestions, he just becomes curious and disbelieving about what the witches say, though believes their forecasts literally. The witches only make predictions about the future kingship of Macbeth All hail, MacbethHail to thee, Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth, along with gentlewoman Macbeth take the prophecies to in-depth and try to implement them as soon as they desire. The prophecies predicted by the weird sisters do occur in the end, but somewhat not how they wanted. After Lady Macbeth is told about the prophecies foretold by the witches, want for ba ron seems to everyplace ride her and take control. Lady Macbeth devises a plan for Macbeth, so that he must kill Duncan who is king at the time, she expects Macbeth to accept, as their ambition for power is greater than each others.She treats Macbeth as he isnt man enough to take this plan to action and confronts him and tells him he isnt born of man. Though Macbeth accepts the plan to hide king Duncan, but Lady Macbeth starts to feel wrong-doingy for the actions that had been taken and her guilt leads to death of her as she falls out her bedroom window. As Macbeth takes Lady Macbeths plan, his want for power is high at this point, not taking into ingenuousness what he really is doing. After Duncan is dead, Macbeths ambition has come alive and instantaneously really all is done in his eyes.Though with Malcom in anger, he grasps some help from Macduff, whom meets with Macbeth in town to have a fight. Which Macbeth looses cause all destruction upon himself and dies, which leaves the throne to Macduff. Though in the start the witches lead Macbeth with prophecies of him becoming king, Macbeth takes his future into his own hands, telling Lady Macbeth of what had been predicted, so she herself helps bewilder him towards destruction and Macbeth, being a fool for power brings all destruction down in the end.

American Samoa

Im from Ameri burn Samoa Samuelu Tofiga PSY 202 Renee Bostick 2/25/2013 abridgment Introduction Thesis Here be my five characteristics that I pauperism to sh be with you, Im from Ameri flock Samoa, one of the territories of the fall in States of America, Im a soaring Samoan, Family, and Culture and Tradition. I. American Samoa a. Beautiful island to stick a vacation on b. Many myths and folk tales from the past c. The social, governmental and family issues argon mere windows at forming the some facets and drawings that get in touch the elaborations of the solid ground II.One of the territories of the unify States of America d. American Samoa is served by one major airline directly and ii computer, or smaller, airlines e. There is television and newspaper in bring out f. Telephone (including cellular phone service) and Internet service available and utilise by approximately everyone on the island III. Im a proud Samoan g. I am a full Samoan and I let you know that be ing a Samoan or unrecorded in Samoa takes you in a different place and we evermore making love visitors from outdoors or around the world who sine qua nons to visit the bewitching island of American Samoa h.Some Samoans leave our island and move in different places but utterly they depart come patronage where they originated from and where they become to i. No social function where you go, no matter how far you go, you will always be back where you belong to IV. Family j. Children are taught when they are young to honor their older siblings k. The father is the patriarch of the family and nigh to him is the mother. From there it is the children from oldest to youngest l. Within the family, giving and receiving tautua (service), faaaloalo (respect) and alofa (love) are crucial in Samoan social relationsV. Culture & Tradition m. The concept of faasamoa is ingrained to Samoan identity, and consists of a number of values and traditions aiga (family), tautala Samoa (Samoan language), gafa (genealogies), matai (chiefly system), lotu (church), and faalavelave (ceremonial and other family obligations) n. Hospitality to outside visitors is a natural part of the finish, though it is most of import to prevent and respect local Samoan traditions o. When see Samoa, your resort, hotel or dwell will be pleased to advise you of other local customsRunning Head AMERICAN SAMOA Im from the beautiful island of American Samoa Samuelu Tofiga Ashford University of Iowa Abstract American Samoa is what any(prenominal) good deal called the joyful place or the island of the paradise. Hi my name is Samuelu Tofiga Im from the ground and the island of American Samoa I welcome you to the novel or some important facts of my beloved island to you folks all around the world. You almost cant find my island on the globe or the map, but its a detailed rock where we live at and its in the Pacific Ocean and its closer to the equator.I want to take you to the interesting story of where Im from and tell you we are human beings too. You will be able to enjoy my writing and explore the new information from my island. Im from the beautiful island of American Samoa Dont shrink your dreams, super-size your fortitude and abilities (Salmonsohn). Welcome everyone to my island of American Samoa if you want to explore one of the passion islands in the Pacific Ocean, you should visit American Samoa. In the past, my island was form from small tiny rocks, they break apart and become lands.Here are my five characteristics that I want to share with you, Im from American Samoa, one of the territories of the United States of America, Im a proud Samoan, Family, and Culture and Tradition. First of all, American Samoa is a beautiful place an island to take a vacation on, if you want to go to someplace warm, you should visit American Samoa its closer to the equator. We have many myths and folk tales from our own ancestors in the past, up until now we usually oppose that fac t from the past.It is very important for people all around the world that American Samoa is very helpful, people are very kind and I know many people from different countries are likely to live, adhere and make their family here in American Samoa. American Samoa is a terrific example of a culture and a people that, over the geezerhood have developed into a diverse structure the traditional and the modern. canvas and contrasting these two can include many elements, but the thriftiness and religion are two that affect almost every celestial orbit of both groups of these people.The social, political and family issues are mere windows at forming the many facets and drawings that connect the cultures of the world. Secondly, American Samoa is one of the territories of the United States of America. As an unincorporated and unorganized territory of the United States and administered by the Office of Insular Affairs and the United States discussion section of the Interior Independence, the America Samoa military activities take place within the United States. American Samoa is served by one major airline today and two computer, or smaller, airlines.There is television and newspaper in print. Surprisingly though, telephone (including cellular phone service) and Internet service available and used by almost everyone on the island. A proud Samoan should have knowledge and beaten(prenominal) with the Samoan Culture, the pride to be a Samoan, and understand and loves to communicate and graze together with the people of Samoa. I am a full Samoan and I let you know that being a Samoan or live in Samoa takes you in a different place and we always love visitors from outside or around the world who wants to visit the beautiful island of American Samoa.Some Samoans leave our island and move in different places but suddenly they will come back where they originated from and where they belong to. No matter where you go, no matter how far you go, you will always be back wher e you belong to. Family is a key to the Samoan people because it ties altogether with the culture and tradition. Children are taught when they are young to respect their older siblings. At the same period their older siblings are being taught to respect their elders. There is always mortal older than you to give respect to. The structure of a Samoan family follows a hierarchy. The father is the patriarch of the family and next to him is the mother. From there it is the children from oldest to youngest. This structure becomes very important as the children learn faaaloalo because the siblings are very much involved with severally others learning. The central element in Samoan culture is the aiga (family). Within the family, giving and receiving tautua (service), faaaloalo (respect) and alofa (love) are crucial in Samoan social relations.Young people are expected to serve and show respect to elders, and can expect to receive love, protection, honor, a name to be proud of, and fals ification by the family when it is needed. The Samoan Culture and Tradition is very important. The concept of faasamoa is essential to Samoan identity, and consists of a number of values and traditions aiga (family), tautala Samoa (Samoan language), gafa (genealogies), matai (chiefly system), lotu (church), and faalavelave (ceremonial and other family obligations).There are also the associated values of alofa (love), tautua (service), faaaloalo (respect), feagaiga (a covenant between sibilings and others) and usitai (discipline). Hospitality to outside visitors is a natural part of the culture, though it is most important to observe and respect local Samoan traditions. These include not giving cash to children, removing footwear before entering a fale, never standing when a local elder is sitting, asking permission before taking photos in a village, avoiding skimpy attire, wearing a lavalava (sarong or cloth wrap) when visiting churches or villages.Nude or topless bathing is prohib ited. When visiting Samoa, your resort, hotel or lodging will be pleased to advise you of other local customs. As of now, you understand and really enjoy the short story from where I am from, and if you really wanted to visit or you want it a confirmation come and visit my island and you will definitely wanted to go back where you came from. You will enjoy your staying and wanted to live in American Samoa forever.Likewise I wanted to inform you again my five characteristics American Samoa is where I am from, one of the territories of the United States of America, proud Samoan, family, culture and tradition. References Salmonsohn, K. (n. d. ). Cute & Inspirational Sayings. In notsalmon. com. Retrieved February 8, 2013 (2001). In http//amsamoa. net/. Retrieved February 10, 2013 The Family Faaaloalo (2005). In www. saolelei. com. Retrieved February 10, 2013 Samoan Culture (1998). In www. teara. govt. Retrieved February 10, 2013 Samoa its culture and traditions (2013). In www. samoaho lidays. co. uk. Retrieved February 10, 2013

Book Report on `A Young Woman’s Mathematical Journey In Code

They say some be born slap-up(p), some come with grandness and some concur greatness thrust upon them. In case of Sarah, did she extend to greatness? The answer to this interview is both yes and no How she can action greatness, where was the while for it?She was just sixteen, a tender long time non eve slap-up enough to f each in love, and yet the word great was firmly implanted on her. Was greatness thrust upon her? The answer to this question is firm No The piece of music of the statement that befits her is that she is born great. Her illustrious numeric journey had arrived at the sterling landmark at that young age.This litigate is both k instantlyledge and make water a go at itment. The brilliance of the students comes to the fore at the Undergraduate and University levels. That is the time when the Professors spot the intelligent, brilliant and the brilliant among the brilliant students. plainly Sarahs anomalous brilliance must relieve iodinself been spott ed when she was in the kindergarten. This is so, be earn, her commence was a renowned Professor of Mathematics.Academic studies do matter for students kindred Sarah, but such(prenominal) genius children invariably carry in the College of Self-Education, where their mind is their Principal. Their initiative, their Professors Their hard work, their tutors They atomic tot up 18 ambitious and industrious. They decide upon a throw start, act and finish.The eldest among b collectetball team children, Flannery went to high schooldays at Scoil Mhuire Gan Smal in Blarney, where she gave a science plum presentation on coding. In researching RSA encryption, she created her own encryption algorithmic program, which earned her an Esat schoolboyish Scientist Exhibition and later an Intel Fellows Achievement Award.She went to college at the University of Cambridge, graduating in 2003 with a catamenia in time in computer engineering. now she works for American video patch developer Electronic Arts.(Planet)In brief, what the apply is nigh.This restrain is the mathematicians de swooning. How the grievous airfield like maths, can be interspersed with humor. Her introduction to the bulk itself fascinates and kindles curiosity. By education it, you realize why she attained flashgun fame which she reconditely de work ons.In introduction she gives detail active public-key cryptography, the RSA algorithm and the alternate algorithm that she created. The lucid style and conquer on the language required to deal with numeric explanations is the strong point of the oblige.Genius has nonhing to do with the age. Therefore, for buy off for a while that a teen is the author of the book, yet you can non forget that lovely and enliven face of the author in the cover page of the book Unless cognize in advance, you willing find it difficult to believe that she is the owner of such a brilliant brain. You probably think that this book is the installation of an experient Professor, well researched from a long list of bibliography.The book begins in an Jewish-Orthodox style. Instead of saying something around the author straighta authority, the book gives description with pages of family posteriorground. That once again is ab come in mathematics, because her go was the Professor of mathematics. A long section, titled, Early Challenges follows. This is where the challenges for the reviewers atomic sum 18 thrown. They argon recollections of her past.The mention of ab turn up a dozen trounces is made. She owned them from her get downstairs unmatchables skin, told for the good of Sarah and her br some others. David Flannery, their father was the mentor of mathematics as well. The description for each puzzle is wedded along with an invitation for the reader to try to solve the said(prenominal), before cardinalrous to locate the solution provided in the book elsewhere. Your chances of advantage be non rattling bright. A bl ack-board in the dining roomThat is butt against to cash in unmatcheds chips when you perk up four sons and a little girl, all interested in the serious study of mathematics. On the blackboard, bran-new puzzle was recorded each twenty-four hour period for them to work on. Like, Given a five-liter jar and a one-third-liter jar and an boundless supply of water, how do you measure out four liters exactly? close to got into more than than than than difficult concepts How might you determine the average earnings of a group of people in a room (at a soma reunion, perhaps) without each someones divulging his or her salary? the second puzzle has the latent message, which forms part of the stem turn all through the book.That is to try getting learning and privacy randomness. With such intelligent invitations the readers become part of the proceedings in the book. It is no effort to score over the reader but to win the reader in a autocratic style. It is to encourage him, and no to affront single with the exhibition of intelligence. Those who think that this is a book on the put down of mathematics which is bound to reserve the serious start will have idyl surprise to be greeted with mind-boggling puzzles.Fame and Publicity and there by and by.She happend instant fame, became a celebrity in mathematics overnight, but she was humble round her achievements. Here she speaks beyond her age refuses to expand like the balloon with blow up ego. I have no doubt that I am non a genius,she decl atomic number 18s.I am not world falsely modest. through and through my fathers classes I have computen examples of true genius and I know I do not possess that insight that distinguishes geniuses from those regarded as merely intelligent.(p. 243). Those who read the book were sure intimately her impending success in the world of mathematics. She was the meet mathematics daughter of a worthy mathematics Professor.Next to puzzles.She attempts the most origin al aspect of the subject of mathematics bothers that hold her to the position and fame sky-rocketing. Overnight she is a world-figure as for mathematics. The subject matter for whatever national level competition has got to be the unique one. She was to enter the Esat Irish youngish Scientists Compettion-1998.The project on cryptography was done by her at the suggestion and instance of her father. Her project will throw light on various cryptographic techniques, providing the account of the famous RSA algorithm. The mention and raillery of all these things is initiated at page 40 of the book, she discuses chooseing the relevant mathematics and the programming involved.Then her father takes over the mathematical literature for the close cx pages, and you catch up with Sarah again in page number 150.These pages aim mathematical exposition authored by David Flannery. They provide the basics of cryptography, and to understand it, is not the easiest of the propositions. He intro duces thoroughly RSA algorithms at this distributor point.When Sarah takes over at page number 150, she is at the threshold of the fame that is close to engulf her young personality. She gets tremendous rejoinder for her project that f etc.es her several prizes, and she is inspired to prepare for another ambitious and reputable entry the Rafe Jones at Brown University.She is on the second step of the political campaign of success. She undergoes a week-long internship at a Dublin cryptography company, and notices several techniques. Thereafter, she devises an ersatz algorithm to the RSA and that is the flagship issue of her new project.The results achieved by her are astounding. Her method is dewy-eyed matrix multiplication instead of the relatively cumbersome modular involution of the RSA. Her algorithm runs twenty times speedyer. It is christened by her as the Cayley old bagr algorithm, the 19th carbon British mathematician Arthur Cayley as also Michael Purser, the mathe matician whose ideas caught her imagination during her internship.She runs in to the thick of the issues now-she proves how the new algorithm is secure from certain kinds of attacks and it becomes the mathematical odyssey for her, wherein she is required to explore and overlord the cobweb of not too familiar mathematics. Such a accompaniment is the testing time for any student of mathematics.It was probing the new irrigate for the first time with lots of hopes of positive results, but also with the fright of disappointment, should anything go wrong, at the most unsuspected wink. Mathematics is such a subject where there is no scope for errors. You have got to be accurate, as other quick-scented the tout ensemble edifice built by you step by step will collapse.All of this was an unusual experience for me, she writes, but I had a great feeling of excitement. I think it was because I was working(a) on something that no one had worked on before. I worked constantly for whole day s on end, and it was exhilarating (p. 208).To get the worthy solution, you need to have a strong line of work. That was the situation Sarah, luckily found she in. The thesis problem provided lots of enthusiasm to her to go ahead. With the finalization of the thesis problem, she considered her to be lucky.The problem was of her creation and she was bent upon to own the responsibility to solve it herself. She began to put tautologic efforts and worked desperately to find the au thustic solution.She reaped the dividends for her sincere efforts, she was able to prove that Cayley Purser algorithm had strong defenses and it can withstand prosperingly attack from a oversized family. She provides the detailed description to judge her new project, both algorithm and proof, in the 1999 Irish Young Scientist competition.An inventive mind is always excited about any new achievement-you decide on a problem for you and then solve it successfully. Same was the case with Sarah.When you smell s uccess, when you have positive indications that you are nearing solution, the excitement is all the more. At that stage Sarah burnt the midnight oil to affect her sincere efforts. Success had to kneel before her she showed the strong defense for the Cayley-Purser algorithm in the face of multi-pronged family attacks. She gives the detailed account, step by step, how her project call for to be judged, and the related explanation for the algorithm, with unassailable proofs.In the 1999 Irish Young Scientists Competition., she quotes from her journal, On one occasion, she writes, I sideed out of our little huddle and it felt truly strangeour conversation was so very intense that just to look around was like coming up for air (p. 222). The finest moment of her mind was, she writes Before they left, the judge asked me the unanalyzablest question of all, and I could see he was wondering whether or not I would be able to answer it.The answer was the fast exponentiation algorithm, and I must have smiled before I replied, because I knew it was the perfect end to the perfect session. I had been able to defend my project at all levels. The last question was a check to see if I knew the fundamentals. They smiled at each other on my final answer, which Ill never forget. (p. 223).It was the perfect culmination. The excitement was about how gracefully Sarah walked up to the stage to accept the title of Irish Young Scientist of the Year. It was one of the extraordinary moments of her life. The take in of youth was on her side.And the algorithm she talked held minute possibility of rich dividends. The wondering(a) media stood alerted and the unexpected bonus arrived, when capital of the United Kingdom Times front-paged an article on her mathematical exploits. Overnight she entered the portals of stardom in mathematics. It did not take long time to alter her academic achievements towards the commercial gain.The would-be cryptograph entrepreneurs were seeking her servic es. She received many an(prenominal) offers to give lectures in Singapore. Mention of her name was made in the authoritative magazine of the Spice Gils. She also received a request from indite Books in London to write up the experiences and all that prompted to advance on the punishing path of mathematics.The budding young mathematicians book had the firs soft touch order of 35,000 copies, the marketing budget of $ 65,000 and an eight-city author-tour.About the contents of the book, Sarah often sweetly apologizes for outlet darksome into number possibleness before explaining matrices, she writes, I promise that from then on there will be no more hardcore mathematics, only light explanations of mathematical ideas.The hard-core mathematics in the book is restricted to two chapters. For those who wish to learn more, there are appendices. Her primary(prenominal) project is about how the most famous current encoding system works, and in the misbegottime, she had invented one of her own. She takes extensive pains to explain both the systems and goes deep into the number theory along the route.With the winning of the prize, fame and the monetary gains consequential to the fame arrived like an avalanche. Pepsi wanted her to concede that the mathematics brain and that of the family was due to lavish uptake of Pepsi, but the offer of contract was promptly sour down. A good mathematical calculation viewed from the valetitarian angle they were aware perhaps of the wounding effects of such addictive drinks on the health of the younger coevalsI have no doubt that I am not a genius, said the prize winner of the 1999 European Contest for Young Scientists. Bu who would believe her and at the corresponding time remain without deeply appreciating her modesty She was the media sensation within days after getting the prestigious award. She was about to be hailed as an instant celebrity, for the public key to cryptography, the method utilise to transmit secure da ta over the Internet, but destiny contend its part.When everyone in the knowledgeable circles thought that her encryption algorithm is worth the millions, a security hole was discovered. Nevertheless she had done a great job. Now she met her father on equal terms, a mathematician talking to another senor mathematician.There is an raise interaction between the father-daughter mathematical duos. To be taught lessons from her father in the draught room of the house was one thing. To be part of his lecture fraternity, and get a line to his mathematical revelations in an organized way sitting as one among the audience was altogether a different experience. The previous day, he had a serious, purposeful conversation with Sarah. Her father said, Now that you have decided to do transition year, I must do some math with you. He continued, Id like to show you how some beautiful but powerably chief(a) mathematics is applied, stuff that you wouldnt ordinarily come across in school.She cou ld not understand the immediate intentions of her father. She thought he was inviting her to the kitchen blackboard, as she was aware of his desirous ways how he got inspired at the most unsuspected moment and wished to unleash his mathematical knowledge on her, whether she was mentally prepared for it or not.Perhaps, at that moment she was not ready to receive the tough lessons of mathematics. She replied, Dad, some(prenominal) you do, do something structured That set him thinking, as to the proper, most effective and tolerate way to teach and take her to the world of mathematics. He remembered his past. The debt he owed to the one who taught him mathematics. How the torch of mathematical knowledge was passed on to his hand.It now depended, what he would do, with what his teacher did for him, and from where he left. He strongly felt that he must imparting the knowledge to some one else who richly deserved it. Who else could be that individual except his own daughter, in whom he must have spy the latent mathematical genius?He told his daughter, Of course, only if you are genuinely interested-I wouldnt force it on you. She was genuinely interested. The rasetide lecture by her father prove to be the foundation stone for the grand mathematical edifice that she was passage to build.Sarah was now part of the class of serious students studying mathematics. The evening classes from seven ten, with the student strength of 8, continued for twenty five nights. The daughter was the youngest student, just 15 years and six months, but a dyad of other students too were young.There were adults who came from various backgrounds. Computer scientists, a secondary school mathematics teacher, a chemistry graduate working for a medical examination laboratory. They were the ones who loved mathematics, and who regretted their inaction in not pursuing the mathematics study, when young. It was a class that had its own specialties.The cause of study was great, not the line of achievement out of the study. No credits were given. It was not part of any major. No hearthstone work or study was demanded. It was David Flannerys way of getting back into math with no holds barred approach. You wee promote to come up with your most silly questions. He loved and appreciated those who made fools of themselves, as according to him, only those will learn and had the chance of success.These assurances, coming from a reputed Professor, were greatly appreciated by the students. They looked forward to the classes with expectancy and with hope that they will be exposed to something interesting about the mathematics in the following session.Sarah though had peculiar problem that the teacher was her father, she was able to mentally associate out the issue. Her dedication and the serious approach when she meant study, paved the way or her progress.From the teachers perspective, what one teaches is important. But how one teaches, what one teaches is more important. Tow ards this end David Flannery filled the bill admirably. He was the one who enjoyed his teachings and encouraged his students to learn in style.No time-bound hard tasks were expected from the students. Each one was encouraged to pronounce ones level of understanding, and progress accordingly. He was able to affirm an atmosphere of affection at home and in his classes.The brain crucify puzzles enticed the students to know more and more, and the hours spent by the students in the association of David Flannery, proved highly fructifying. His company kindled their curiosity further. They eagerly awaited his next class and firmly believed that something more interesting would be in enclose for them.The class was not all fun as was made out initially by David Flannel. That was his style of making the students interested in the subject. Soon, the intensifier part of his chartered syllabus for the students began and his forays were in the elementary number theory, with cryptography as t he final destination.He would the take the students entirely to different horizons of mathematics, interesting sights that were rich in content, may not be of use for the immediate application.When David Flannery was a student, the application of the number theory were so few (industrial and internet revolutions had not taken off), and yet the number theory was of prime importance to the mathematicians, its study was considered pure. By the end of 1970s, the situation had drastically changed.The various technicalities involved in the message system and their readings gave a shot in the arm for cryptography. It became a much sought after subject and millions of dollars were invested into the development of this subject. The demand for expertise in this area became tremendous.The book is a treat to read for the simple reason that it is a great human degree as well, a success story, a management and pubic relation story etc. The way she prepared for the competitions would set the st andard for any youngster who wishes to be an achiever.What a careful and great teacher her father was The concepts of teaching itself have undergone metamorphic changes, and mathematics is no exception. The style of teaching has become more student-friendly.As for Sarah, her mathematician father was her great career-asset. But her mother also continuously encouraged her by telling interesting anecdotes about the subject. Mathematics is the queen of the sciences and number theory is the queen of mathematics. Such sweet nothings said about the subject during formative years of a young girl had great positive impact on her.Her Mom said Mathematics and the number theory was like the Sleeping Beauty Fairly Tale, and Sarah Flannery writes, I thought about those who had toiled away through the centuries at unraveling the mysteries of this subject, motivated by nothing more than a passionate desire to know. They could have hardly dreamt of the applications that some of their results would o ne day find.I wondered what it was they had discovered, and what they would think if they could see how some of these discoveries are now being used. I was eager to learn the subject and surmise for myself whether they would be strike or not.But everything about the number theory is not all that sweet. It is a deceptive theory. When you think that you are on the verge of success, you are suddenly knocked out by a lethal punch. The simple questions that you will ask your Professor may look so simple to you. The same questions were asked by many brilliant students in the past. The answers to such questions have not been found until this day, and the most intelligent ones are raking their brains to find out the solutions.But the toughest restraint lay in waiting for Sarah. The sharp attacks on the Cayley-Purser algorithm arrived with Michael Purse alerts, making her mathematical advancement difficult. Sarah was on the defensive she made efforts to localization the algorithm, but cou ld not succeed. She stated that it is not salvageable as a workable encryption system.The theoretical interest stood in her favor through this testing time. She included a postscript explanation on the successful attack. It brought her further success when she was conferred the title of European Young Scientist of the Year for 1999. They say, When the going gets tough, the tough gets goingIt is very voiced to say that Sarah climbed the stage to receive the award. But behind this glorious moment in the life of this sports-loving teenager from Blarney in Country Cork, Ireland, lay the extraordinary talent and coordinated efforts of relentless research and discoveries in Internet cryptography.At the age of sixteen to get the international recognition and to be hailed as brilliant by the London Times, is no ordinary achievement. Newspapers and periodicals hailed it as a wonderfully moving story about the thrill of the mathematical chase (Nature) and a paean to keen adventure (Times Educational Supplement).The dinner-time conversation with her father led her to the hall of fame. Her burn mark curiosity, the inner joy of persistence paid off handsomely. What is the meaning of the wise saying, Have a will to grow and grow you willask Sarah David Flannery lectures on mathematics at Irelands Cork Institute of Technology. Sarah Flannery is now a student at Cambridge University.Some shortcomings of the book.To say that it is the crew of a set of two books, would not be a far-fetched criticism on the book. Two narrative segments of the book, at the beginning and the end, do not serve the actual cause for which the book stands for. The 150 pages, though there is no doubting the merit of the contents, it is right thing at the wrong place. It makes the tough and prolonged reading, and causes obstruction in understanding the life of Sarah in a systematic, chronological order.The book goes on an aim-less wandering, and it defeats the structure of the book. But those who do not like mathematics intensely, for those who are not the serious students of the subject, these 150 pages are a good read However, this can not be considered as the serious lapse of the book, but the professional critics of this literature, would not like to miss this point, as a matter of their duty.The mathematical exposition part of it is flawless in contents and style. The beginning holds the interest of the common reader as well. The elementary examination of the prime numbers is detailed. The idea of primality about Mersenne primes, the stress of Eratosthenes and also primalaity testing are the important topics.Then is the chapter on Modular arithmetic, Fermats Little Theorem, and pseudo primes. For complete understanding of the RSA algorithm, the last two of these three mathematical chapters are necessary. But they can be avoided by those who are desirous of the elementary feel for public-key cryptography.The author has no problem with the English language, the exposit ion and style of composition is lucid. In fine, Sarah has given a very interesting book. The theme of the book and the authors attitude towards the theme of mathematics, both evoke and sustain curiosity. The book deserves an outstanding position not only for the awards that it brought to Sarah, but also for the real contribution it made to the cause of mathematics, for all time to come.There is something uniqueness about the book. Some more noteworthy books should be expected from Sarahs pen. The author has dealt with the topic in an excellent manner and the contents of the book gain stature, without losing its ground and reality. The book is the creation of the child, with fathers blessings. What more is required for the child and what does a father expect from the child? Both see the fulfillment of their respective mathematical missions through this book.When a child gives the account of her experiences that ultimately led her to great heights of success, the readers interest is all the more, for the simple reason that every parent wishes to visualize and aspires for the success of their children.From the point of view of human psychology and management principles that lead to success, this book is the torchbearer. Her thoughts are playful, yet never missing the mathematical purpose of the book.The number of high school students who enjoy mathematics is not very high and many do the subject, as they have to do as it is the unavoidable subject up to a certain level. But an introduction and interaction with this book should change their perspective.Many may not be lucky enough get a mathematics genius Professor-father. In the case of Sarah, her pastime of solving the mathematical puzzles with her father paid her rich dividends. It started as a game and slowly turned into a thrill of the mathematical chase. Nothing succeeds like success and one good thing in her life, led to the other.A great lesson for the psychologists and sociologists who study the agnati c impact on the life and future of children But for the encouragement and capture of her mathematician father, Sarah would have been yet another university student, pursuing the syllabus-oriented degrees for a routine career.Conclusiondeity made the natural numbers, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and 0 and what all complications the human being has created under the subject-banner mathematics But for becoming the mathematician, Sarah would have been a storyteller.The art comes of course to her. She has dealt with a highly intellectual subject, without any pretensions, without the sense of overbearing. At times, the writing takes the serious turn, but that is what the subject matter is. Her childlike descriptions maintain the demand dignity. If she tries her hand at other subjects of writing, we may be in for surprises.Thats what her imagination, wit and charm throughout the book reveal. In Code, has the makings of a very good novel and her pen holds out great promises for even better works. I t is a twice-blessed book. Primarily it is a book on mathematics, and more importantly it is an interesting book of human endeavor, the human spirit, the book on positive qualities like grit and determination. Few children are lucky to have such great upbringing.The black board in the kitchen truly speaks about the studious family. She and her four brothers made it the perfect class at home, and in the main issues related to mathematics were discussed at the dining table. At lunch, the distraction would be not be like the television set in the advanced drawing room, but the attractions were puzzles appearing on the blackboard days after day, without intermission. David Flannery had a clear purpose about the puzzles.They encouraged the children into enjoying abstract reasoning. But do no imagine, Sarah liked all these intensely. She was not a book worm. She liked to ride horses, played hurling and basketball, did boating and liked other adventurous team sports.She carried that adve nturous spirit to her mathematics research as well.So to say, Sarah was a philanthropist mathematician and did not possess any motivated desires about her accomplishments. Mathematical community offered the talented Sarah all co-operations. Experts in the field of cryptology were eager to help her.Initial reactions to her code system, was that it was patentable and she had the possibilities of becoming the millionaire. The exchange of vital information with other mathematicians could have damaged her interest for financial gains. Yet, she shared the information bearing in mind the overall interest of mathematics.She was only 17, when she was a guest speaker at an IBM leadership conference for women. Sarah was also given an invitation to attend the Nobel Prize ceremonies in Stockholm. To write an interesting readable book on mathematics, normally considered a dry and brain-racking subject is no mean achievement. She has set the trend for the budding young scientists, and great schola rs in any subject need not be men and women with silver hair.The book provides to all concerned, the parents, the teachers and above all the combustible younger generation, who wish to achieve something in life, but do not know the correct procedures and move to achieve very valuable information. Sarah provides good solutions to ones ambitions and the way to achieve them.This makes the book even greater, than her contribution to cryptography. Bertrand Russell once talked about the tongueless beauty of mathematics. Sarah has demonstrated how the skills of the mathematician and the skills of the fiction & fantasy writer can be clubbed together to create an outstanding contribution to the world of literature. Here is the combination of great human experience mixed with intellectual stuff. It is very easy to record and offer her congratulations for all that she achieved at the young age of 16.But think of the hard work she did, the relentless pressure she was able to gestate at such a young age, and all this she did at the same time enjoying and pursuing her hobbies. So, if you have young children, and do not have many ideas as to how to inspire them, give this book to themit would be more appropriate if the parents read and discuss the contents of this book for their benefit. The results are bound to be far fetching as for their future. The contents of the book have the lessons in moral counseling as well.The application of cryptography has caught up fast with the internet revolution. Many of the big companies are willing to exceedower researches and Sarah is eminently suited to take advantage of this situation. Her achievements have changed her perspective of life. The career opportunities that arrive at her doors are perhaps too much for her to handle. She has travelled to important destinations all over the world, met cryptography figureheads like Ronald Rivest and Whitfield Diffey. But the best is yet to come, and Sarah Flannery knows it well. References CitedIn Code A Mathematical Journey ( paperbacked)by Sarah Flannery (Author), David Flannery (AuthorPaperback 352 pagesPublisher Algonquin Books (December 30, 2002)Language EnglishISBN-10 1565123778ISBN-13 978-1565123779PlanetMath Sarah Flanneryplanetmath.org/encyclopedia/SarahFlannery.html 19k Cached, Retrieved on January29,2008

Trade Finance

Introduction affair Finance in India comprises of finance against imports into India, merchandise from India and inland swop transactions. While doing this study, it is important to know approximately the regulations governing such transactions in India. entailment and Export trade Is regulated by the Directorate General of irrelevant Trade (GIFT) chthonian Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Department of Commerce, Government of India. Banks In India, authorized by support Bank of India to deal In distant Exchange atomic number 18 know as Authorized Dealers.Authorized dealers, while undertaking Import and export ramifications, should assure that the Imports Into India and export from India are In conformity with the Export Import insurance In force and irrelevant Exchange Management (Current Account Transactions) Rules, 2000 border by Government and the directions Issued by Reserve Bank under Foreign Exchange Management crook from while to time. Banks also have to comp anion character policy announced by Reserve Bank of India from time to time to ensure compliance while dealing with financing of landlocked Trade transactions.Authorized dealers have to follow normal banking procedures and adhere to the provisions of dissimilar rules framed by International Chamber of Commerce, Paris and onshore reliance policy of the country. Banks in India use the following trade products to meet financing requirements of the clients Imports 1 . Opening of Letter of Credit and Follow up finance 2. Buyers Credit / Suppers Credit in the form of short term character reference for Imports into India 3. Trust Receipt financial support 4.Simple Overdraft Facility 5. effect of roughly of the guarantees to make haste imports related activities Exports 1. Pre-shipment Credit in Indian Rupees 2. Pre-shipment Credit in Foreign Currency 3. Post-shipment Credit in Indian Rupees 4. Post-shipment Credit in Foreign Currency . Forfeiting of Export Receivables 6. Factorin g of Export Receivables 7. Simple Overdraft Facility 8. Issuance of some of the guarantees to facilitate Export related activities Inland Trade 1.Local standard Discounting support by Bill of Exchange 2. Local Bill Discounting backed by Letter of Credit 3. Simple Overdraft Facility 4. Issuance of some of the guarantees to facilitate Inland Trade actively Trade Finance By onshore is regulated by the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (GIFT) under Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Department of Commerce, Government of India. Banks in India, authorized by Reserve Bank of India to deal in Foreign Exchange are known as Authorized Dealers.Authorized dealers, while undertaking import and export transactions, should ensure that the imports into India and export from India are in conformity with the Export Import Policy in force and Foreign Exchange Management issued by Reserve Bank under Foreign Exchange Management Act from time to time. 1. Opening of Letter of Credit and Follow up Finan cing 2. Buyers Credit / Suppers Credit in the form of short term credit for Imports into 4. Issuance of some of the guarantees to facilitate Inland Trade activities

European Influence on Japan & China Essay

The European arrival had an effect on both china and japan. chinaware and lacquer had some similar and different reactions to the arrival of the Europeans. In chinaware and Japan, the European arrival affected the technologies and economies of both societies similarly, whereas the reason of isolation differed in these societies.The applied science of the Europeans following their arrival penetrated both the Japanese and Chinese societies. In China, in order to gain the elites interest in the Christian religion, the Jesuit missionaries introduced the technology of cannons and clocks. In Japan during the 1950s, the Portuguese technology of clock and gun making, influenced society strongly. The Japanese and Chinese both openly accepted the new European technologies because they felt they needed to accept the technologies to observe up with the Europeans, who seemed more technologically advanced. In both China and Japan, muckle were being converted to Christianity. They were being converted from top to bottom. Once a year, China and Japan, were able to trade with the Europeans. They degage themselves and traded with each other.Japan and China also had some different reactions to the European arrival. They had different reasons for isolating. After Zheng He died, the Chinese government decided to close the ports, except two. The Chinese and the Europeans change goods once a year for the next 400 years. China hold with the isolation because the scholar gentry saw the voyages as a raging of resources. They rather spend the money on defending China. Japan grew doubts with the European intentions, that both merchants and missionaries might subvert the existing social order.This led to ex officio measures to restrict foreign activities in Japan. Under Ieyasu and his successors, the persecution of the Christians increased to isolate Japan from outside influences. In the 1630s, all the Japanese ships were forbidden to trade or even sail overseas. By the mid-17t h century, Japans retreat into more or less total isolation was complete. A major difference was after Japan isolated themselves, an elite group still remained interested in the Europeans. remote the Chinese who looked down on the Europeans and ignored what they had to offer and stay isolated with them.The Chinese and Japanese had similar and different reactions to the arrival of the Europeans. Both of these societies had a technology advancement. Also, they both isolated themselves from the Europeans and instead they traded with each other. They had different reasons for isolating. Also, an authoritative difference was that in Japan, a group remained interested in the Europeans. This differed from the Chinese because after they isolated, they didnt want anything to do with the Europeans.

Misuse knowledge Essay

One of the notable carrys I have read is casts Cradle by Kurt Vonnegut. It is a memorable and meaningful book that has a great impact on my personality. I was able to severalize many things not only about life, society and history save also about mankind itself. One of the c formerlypts satirized in the book is scientists and the scientific approach as a whole. The book shows apprehension as a cold and inconsiderate entity, one that comes from mans obsession for what Vonnegut argues is unreal knowledge, as man will only misuse knowledge.It depicts many things and I was able to realize that the book is of great help in reading about science and its relation to people on earth. Aside from the occurrence that I read the book out of requirement of my English socio-economic class Twelve class, I became personally touched by the story because it highlights how science can be misused against man and cause undesirable consequences. I became more aware of my actions and promised myse lf to put more importance to science once I become a professional.The book discusses pessimisms in an increase in mans moral figure but still I view it very differently. For me, it is a precaution of sorts for men and women of science to not seek science for the sake of science itself, but rather for the forward motion of man and society as a whole, and how engineers in particular moldiness be responsible with their creations lest it be used against their common man.

Arab Americans

The biggest consideration in any effort to dawn the community is the legal and ethical issues that would govern those actions. Immigrants have rights and they essential be respected in the rural. Its definitive that these people would know that the political sympathies respects them as mortals and as citizens of America. at that place atomic number 18 constitutional rights that must not be broken otherwise, no immigrant in the country would al shipway feel safe. There argon already many crimes against their race and I wouldnt indirect request to add to that list. I consider in getting their trust in rewrite for them to cooperate and gravel firm to the country.Loyalty gaget be bought nor can it be forced. It has to be their decision to r terminuser loyalty to a country that treats them well. Ethical issues need withal be taken into account. For instance, would it be right for me to tap into peoples conversations withal if those persons are exemplary citizens and have been positive contri saveors to the community? If there are times when it is absolutely necessary to spy on every person in the immigrant population, and so, it volition be done so long as needless deaths provide be prevented. As for sending agents, I believe it is a must to have undercover people among them in align to filter out the rotten tomatoes.The undercover works name and address is to identify, without a doubt, who are propagating extremist ideas in the community. Once identified, these people forget be given the appropriate punishment under the lawfulness. The most grave role I could play in the community is to pip certain that even the immigrants and the Arab Americans leave not become unwitting tools of terrorists. 2. Based on the reading assignments, what place, rights and protections would you afford someone who was an American citizen captured in the United States in the act of terroristic emphasis?How about someone who was a foreign home(a) interlock in terrorism in the United States? An American citizen fights American forces abroad? A foreign subject field, but not a process of a nations military, fighting American forces abroad? Would torture of any of these subjects ever be dearified if it could save lives? American Citizen An American citizen captured in the country committing terroristic violence will be captured and imprisoned under the rules of law. Since it can be considered treason to commit acts of terror in ones country, then that person will not have the rights of a common prisoner.Foreign study A foreign national committing terroristic activity in the country will be detained depending on the Attorney Generals mandates, and will be tried either inside the country or outside it. The perceive would likely be before a military tribunal. American Citizen combat American Forces Abroad If the American citizen fighting American forces abroad will be captured, he will be treated as a prisoner of state of warfare pr ovided that he meets the criteria provided for in the Geneva Convention. He will have the rights of a POW and will be treated accordingly.Foreign field of study Fighting American Forces Abroad A foreign national who is not a member of a military unit will be accorded a prisoner of war status until such time that his status will be determined by the appropriate tribunal. If the foreign national turns out to be a terrorist, then, he will be penalize the way terrorists should be punished in accordance to law. 3. What are the various perspectives concerning Just War? Can the war on terror be properly characterized as a adept war? Under what hatful would fighting terrorism cease to be only if?why? The disparate perspectives of Just War are Just War is only permissible as a last resort when every other non-violent mode have been exhausted. A war can only be just if it is conducted by who society deems to have the authority to do so. Just war happens to remedy the wrong commit ted against society. To fight a war that does not have a chance of succeeding is not just. The ultimate finale of just war is the re-establishment of peace. It is just war if the violence in the war is proportionate to the injury endured. A just war does not orchestrate civilians and all efforts must be made so as not to harm civilians. The war on terror can be considered just because the proper authorities are out to get the villains in order to make the society safe for the citizens. Terrorists do not discriminate surrounded by military and civilian targets, as such, they must be stopped to distract the killings of civilians. Fighting terrorism ceases to be just when the country has endangered citizens in the process. For lesson, if the U. S.will engage the whole of Afghanistan in war just because the Al al-Qaida had its beginnings in that country wont be just. Its not fair to generalize that every Afghanistan is a terrorist. Also, war will become unjust if the wrong peop le are targeted by the authorities. Say for example that every person coming from the Middle East and who looks like Osama bin Laden will be detained by authorities because of how they look, then, that action is not just anymore. It is already a discrimination against individual persons. 4. How serious is the bother of anti-Americanism here at home?Should people be accountable for inciting violence when they glorify violent acts against America but themselves do not engage in it? What remedies are available to the government, if any, to deal with schools, mosques, and charities that indirectly obtain terrorism while not actually engaging in it? What should the remedies be? Anti-Americanism in the United States is often on issues that involve the presence of troops in Iraq, the operations in Afghanistan and worldwide warming. Many Americans do not want the American troops to continue existence in Iraq.There are ageless protests and demonstrations asking the government for the tr oops withdrawal. At the same time, the governments campaign in Afghanistan is viewed by many citizens to be unreasonable and should be stopped. Many American Muslims believe that putting all of the blame on Osama bin Laden and his group is not right. There are overly a lot of demonstrations and protests calling for the government to do something about global warming. Meanwhile, Pipes (2005) reports that some American Muslim schools have been teaching things that tantamount to being anti-American.As an example, an American-Muslim student told the Washington Post in 2001 that for him, being American is just about where he was born, and it does not define him. Some schools are also teaching things against the Jews, while promoting the supremacy of Islam. Pipes relates that a textbook in a Muslim school in Virginia has stated that only Islam is the true religion, and all others are false. First graders are easily influenced and reading this text would make them believe that people who are not Muslims are inferior to their race.The government, in particular the education ministry, has to take a direct control over what materials are being taught in schools. The schools must not be allowed to focus too much on religion. There must be a law prohibiting minority schools to engage in activities or teach lessons that would indirectly support and promote terrorism. 5. Give your overall assessment of the USA PATRIOT ACT. Do you think it has contributed to the lack of terror attacks in the United States since 9/11? If you were in Congress, would you voter turnout to renew the act as is?Would you change anything? Why or why not? Before the USA Patriotic be was passed into law, electronic surveillance had to undergo a lot of red tape before it can be approved. Sharing of information between parole units and law enforcement agencies was very limited because the law does not say to what design should information be shared. This could have resulted to missed opportunitie s to prevent acts of terror in the country. When the Patriotic Act was enforced, every ground rule was established on how information will be obtained and shared.Surveillance of every information, financial or otherwise, became permissible. point phone conversations can be tapped into. Because of this, the terrorist groups have to devise new ways of communicating, which possibly thwarted further acts of terror after 9/11. In this sense, the Patriotic Act is able to curtail further terroristic activities in the country. There are, however, some parts of the Act that speaks of human rights violations. For instance, one(prenominal) detention of immigrants is not reasonable. It would strike fear in the hearts of those who are being loyal and good citizens of America.While the innocent would fear the Act, it would make terrorists wary of committing acts of terror. They would have to be very clever to go unnoticed. Overall, the Patriotic Act has served its purpose in spite of flaws in some of its contents. If I were a member of Congress, I would vote to renew the Patriotic Act. It may not be perfect but it has kept the country relatively free of terror attacks after 9/11. However, there would be some changes on the Act, which addresses controversial issues like indefinite detentions, secret trials, and giving vast powers to the executive branch.As a democratic country, it is important that the laws of democracy would not be forgotten in the quest to end terrorism. References Ferraro, V. Principles of the Just War. Mount Holyoke College. Retrieved sumptuous 17, 2008, from http//www. mtholyoke. edu/acad/intrel/pol116/justwar. htm Pipes, D. (2005, March 29). What Are Islamic Schools principle? New York Sun. Retrieved August 17, 2008, from http//www. danielpipes. org/article/2489 USA Patriot Act (H. R. 3162). Retrieved August 17, 2008, from http//www. personalinfomediary. com/USAPATRIOTACT_Text. htm

Case Study †American Chemical Corp

The past performance of ACC as seen from the financial statements for the period 1974-79 is characterized by a gamey degree of variability. The oerall situation has been very dangerous with benefit to net asset ratio (average 54. 3%) going as advanced as 84. 2% and 90% in 1977 and 1978, before dropping to 66. 4% in 1979. Barring the year 1975, the ratio has to a fault shown a systematically increasing trend. In absolute terms the operating profit has shown meaning(a) increases between the years 1976 and 1978.Except for 1976, when the companys performance ahs dipped as a result of general market conditions, the company has shown reasonably good growth in sales, both in terms of quantity and amount. exist obtain been under control and in some cases have declined all over the years. Hence the past performance of ACC has been good but has shown a high degree of variability. This indicates that although the company has been performing well, the risk associated with it is also hi gh. 2. Competitive purlieu of ACC at the timeIn 1979, there were a dozen companies producing sodium chlorate. Apart from large, modify chemical substance companies, these also included a few paper and treacle companies that had backward integrated into production of sodium chlorate. The total existing skill was 455,000 short tons, and another 75,000 tons were existence added by way of new sets being put up. Over the years, sales of sodium chlorate had increased 220,000 tons in 1970 to 435,000 tons in 1979 (expect figure), representing an increase of 97. 7%.Durng the same period energy grew from 270,000 tons to 455,000 tons, representing an increase of 68. 5%. This lag in the increase in capacity, compared to the increase in sales, has augured well for the companies manufacturing this chemical, and resulted in substantial price increases from $129 per ton in 1970 to $413 in 1979. Thus the market and competitive environment were quite a favorable to the manufacturers at this time. Rising be were a matter of resuscitate with the cost of electricity, one of the major inputs, registering steady increases over the years.This placed companies such as American that were using older technologies and graphite electrodes at a disadvantage compared to newer instals that used metal electrodes. 3. Beta for Collinsville plant and ACC The right beta for ACC and Collinsville plant was 1. 20. This is the levered beta. In 1978, debt was 39% of the total crackingization, while common and favored stock accounted for 69%. The debt-equity ratio was 0. 565. Hence, the unlevered beta was 1. 2/1. 565 = 0. 77. 4. Cost of equity for evaluating immediate payment flows of Collinsville plant projectThe Collinsville plant of American chemic Corporation is into production of sodium Chlorate. It might not be possible to locate companies that asseverate only sodium chlorate, as companies that produce sodium chlorate are any manufacturers of other chemicals or of paper. Com paring the cost of equity with other chemical manufacturers might not necessarily be representative. The best course would whence be to compare the cost of equity of the Collinsville plant with other manufacturers of Sodium Chlorate.Since all these manufacturers produce other products along with Sodium Chlorate, the values may not be exact fits, but should be representative generous to provide a basis for evaluation. The beta values and debt and equity office of some of these companies are shown below. Organization Beta (Levered) (a) Debt/Equity (b) Unlevered Beta (a)/(1+(b)) Pennwalt 1. 33 39/69 = 0. 565 0. 85 Kerr-McGee 1. 06 17/83 = 0. 205 0. 88 transnational Minerals & Chemicals 0. 81 33/67 = 0. 493 0. 54 Georgia-Pacific 1. 50 29/71 = 0. 408 1. 07 Brunswick Chemical 1.10 15/85 = 0. 176 0. 94 Southern Chemicals 1. 20 21/79 = 0. 266 0. 95 . Average (unlevered) beta of selected firms = 0. 87. Debt-Equity ratio for American Chemical = 39/61 = 0. 639 Equity beta to be assumed fo r Collinsville plant = 1. 639 x 0. 87 = 1. 43 Interest on long-term exchequer stings = 9. 5% (Risk free return is taken as 9%) grocery store Risk Premium = 7%. Cost of equity = 9 + 1. 43 x 7 = 19% 5. Cost of debt and WACC The bond rating of American Chemical Corporation is BBB/A. The market rate for long-term A bodily bonds is 10. 75%.Hence the interest rate for American Chemicals bond should be slightly higher than this. The actual rate being remunerative by Dixon is 11. 25%, which appears to be appropriate. The rest of the loan financing is also done at the rate of 11. 25%. Hence the actual cost of debt capital for Dixon for the Collinsville plant = 11. 25%. Although the purchase of the Collinsville plant is to done totally with debt capital, it would not be appropriate to treat the cost of capital for the plant as the same as cost of debt capital, because the capital structure of the company as a whole needs to be considered.Debt-tototal capital ratio after acquisition of Co llinsville plant = 47% Hence WACC for the Collinsville plant = 0. 47 x 11. 25 + 0. 53 x 19 = 15. 4%, which may be rounded off to 15%. 6. Incremental notes flows associated with the acquisition of Collinsville plant without laminate technology Using the same assumptions made in the preparation of the pro forma financial statements by Dixon for the years 1980-1984 as the basis, projections for a further period of five years were made to obtain expected incomes for a period of ten years, which is the estimated life of the plant.The immediate payment flow has been arrived at by adding back depreciation, which is a non- specie charge, to the net incomes to arrive at the capital flow each year. The results are shown in Table 1. 7. Incremental cash flows and NPV associated with investment in laminate technology Dixon will get the laminate technology as part of the agreement for sale of the Collinsville plant, and hence no extra cash flow will be involved for the acquisition of the techn ology. However, Dixon will have to bear the cost of installation, which will amount to $2. 25 million. This will be depreciated over a period of ten years.There will be a one time cash outflow of $2. 25 million at the beginning of the installation. As against this, there will be recurring benefits in the form of savings in graphite and power consumption over the life of the project, which is ten years. The incremental cash flow that will fall on an annual basis will involve no cash outflow, as the incremental cash flow is in the form of uncontaminated savings. The savings will consist of complete elimination of graphite costs and a saving of 15-20% in power. Taking a conservative view, 15% power savings are considered for the cash flow projections, which are shown in Table 2 below.

America & Globalization Essay

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to explore the appraisal that the Statesn corporations ar working with worldwide companies to help boost the frugality. The paper focuses on the use of globalization as a primary bill towards accomplishing that goal. The paper besides provides the reader with views from both supporters of globalization and opponents as well. The terms utilise for this paper give very interesting points as well as views on both sides of the socio-economic table. In U.S tolerant Politics author Deborah snow-clads article Pros and Cons of Free Trade she discuses globalization in similarity to free wiliness agreements and provides both pros and cons as well as a generalized definition of free trade.Meanwhile, Gary Hufbauer provides a to a greater extent supporting article on globalisation supplied with studies and debates. As for Chris Isidores article, it focuses generally on the recessions from away to present and what trends argon various and remai n the same when it deals with the progression of the miserliness. Lastly, Wikipedias definition of Globalization lays out in detail the history, timeline, business applications, and etc. about the economic reference. In resembling manner, this paper examines the overall abbreviation of globalization and how it relates to boosting the economy.America & Globalization iodine of the biggest topics today in Americas current events is the U.S. economy and the need for an economical boost. The U.S. declared the up-to-the-minute recession the biggest since the Great Depression. agree to Chris Isidore (2010, p.1), The Great recessional started in celestial latitude 2007 and ended June 2009. However, this information does nothing for the many Americans out of work, over-debt in their mortgage, and equivocal about their financial future. Nevertheless, seemingly, the American corporations have worked hard to try to divulge ways to help fellow Americans and boost the economy back to its median. One of the ways big corporations think will help is the use of Globalization.According to Wikipedia (2012, p.1) by definition, Globalization refers to the increasingly global relationships of culture, people, and economic activity. It is generally employ to refer to economic globalization the global distribution of the production of goods and service, done reducing of barriers to international trade such as tariffs, export fees, and spell out quotas. Comparatively, the United Nations Economic and Social Commission have also compose that globalization is a widely-used term that can be defined in a number of different ways. When used in an economic context, it refers to the reduction and remotion of barriers between national borders in order to facilitate the menstruate of goods, capital, and services and labor In contrast, there are just as many people opposed to this idea as those whom support it.Deborah washcloth writes (p.1), One angry complaint is that more than th ree million U.S. jobs with middle- coterie wages have been outsourced to foreign countries since 1994. It seems that the biggest obstacle is convincing the middle class that globalization is in fact, a good idea for the economy. Those same opponents guess that free trade has flummoxd more U.S. jobs losses than bring ins, especially for higher-wage jobs. They also retrieve that many free trade agreements are bad deals for the U.S. Nevertheless, American corporations in conjunction with government officials are both working with other international companies to help boost our economy.To begin with, American corporations want the idea of boosting the economy through the use of globalization. Henceforth, with treaties like NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) and organizations like NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) America has been at the forefront of the campaign for the removal of barriers between national borders in order to facilitate the flow of goods, capital, services and labor. Moreover, as albumin writes (2012, p.2), The purpose of free trade agreements is to allow fast and more business between the two countries/areas, which should benefit both. Statistics show that globalization does help boost the economy. Gary Clyde Hufbauer writes in his article, The Peterson Institute calculates that the US economy is just about $1 trillion richer each year owing to past globalizationthe payoff both from technological innovation and from policy liberalizationand could gain another $500 billion annually from future liberalization.These are the numbers that motivate American Corporations. In addition, globalization helps increase sales and profits for U.S. businesses, which last-ditchly boost the economy. What the middle class does not extrapolate is that globalizations tactics such free trade help create more jobs within the middle class sector for the long term. White also adds (2012, p.2), Removal of costly and delaying trade barriers, su ch as tariffs, quotas and conditions, inherently leads to easier and swifter trade of consumer goods. The result is an increased volume of U.S. sales. Globalization also helps to develop and intone the economy of the poorest countries as well. Some of the biggest benefits of poor countries through tactics like free trade are creating more industrialized nations and increasing the obtain of their natural resources and/or labor services.Condescendingly, there are just as many opponents to globalization and free trade as there are supporters. Many of those that oppose consists of middle class Americans and the congressman they elect. The biggest problem is a fear of the unknown. Middle class Americans dont want to waiting for the long-term. They want to continue to have the same security of mesh as theyve always had, which is understandable.Nevertheless, they also feel free trade agreements cause a loss in higher paying jobs. This is the basis or platform for the railway line of t he War on the Middle Class. The argument of free trade and globalization, although provides a soaring boost in bodied profits, individual wages stagnate. This leaves no room for the middle-class to advance. As White explains (2012, p.2), While corporate profits soar, individual wages stagnate, held at least partly in check by the brave new fact of offshoring that millions of Americans jobs can be performed at a fraction of the cost in developing nations near and far.All things considered, the determination of whether globalization is good for the economy will continue to be a debatable issue amongst those of different socio-economic groups. Nevertheless, there is no doubt that globalization has its pros and cons. The ultimate goal and wit of American Corporations behind implementing globalization is to work with international companies in an travail to boost the economy. Famous investor Warren Buffet once said, Someones sitting in the shade today because someone planted a tree a long time ago. Whether that shade tree is globalization, who knows? The ultimate goal is creating jobs and getting the economy back on course.ReferencesDeborah White. (2012) US Liberal PoliticsPros and Cons of Free Trade Agreement. Retrieved fromhttp//usliberals.about.com/od/theeconomyjobs/i/FreeTradeAgmts.htm Chris Isidore. (September 2010) EconomyRecession officially ended in June 2009. Retrieved fromhttp//money.cnn.com/2010/09/20/news/economy/recession_over/index.htm Gary Hufbauer. (May 2008) respondent the CriticsWhy Large American Gains from Globalization Are Plausible. Retrieved fromhttp//www.iie.com/publications/papers/paper.cfm?ResearchID=929 Wikipedia. (March 2012) GlobalizationRetrieved fromhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalization

A Double Edged Sword Cuts Both Ways Essay

The phraseology a reprised edged mark cuts some(prenominal) ways means that something has twain beneficial and adverse outcomes. The comparison is made to a prongy-edged sword because it allowed the wielder of the sword to slash on the backswing without having to pivot the weapon in their hand, bonny now it also allowed the wielder to cut themselves on the backswing. The actual origin of the phrase is unknown, except the earliest mentions of it stooge be found in the Bible. This phrase ignore be applied to literature, art, music, and participation throughout history. The phrase rang true in its Biblical inception and re principal(prenominal)s relevant in the media of today. Many facets of our society wield double-edged swords from our political issues to our everyday entertainment. I selected this phrase because the enormousness of the name allows it to apply to hu earthly concernsy subjects across the whole of time. A double edged sword cuts both ways demonstrates tha t every decision buns have consequences and benefits, and its important to think in the first place you act on impulse. In the dramatic short story The Tell-Tale Heart, Edgar Allen Poe demonstrates that hu globes argon not capable of enduring extreme guilt.The storys fibber lives with an doddering mankind and is constantly haunted by the old mans eye. The narrator is mentally ill, and he decides that he can no weeklong endure seeing the eye anymore and resolves to kill the old man. After the murder, the narrator hallucinates that he can comprehend the old mans heartbeat underneath the floorboards, and he turns himself in to the police to quiet the sounds of his guilt. The biggest motif in this work is the concept of time. The amount of time exhausted with certain actions is never specified, only that it takes a long time to do so. Time is used to describe the heartbeat of the old man dependable before his murder and the hallucination of it afterwards. Time is what tortured the old man while he was awaiting his death, and time spent dealing with the old mans eye is what made the narrator insane.My restate is a double edged sword cuts both ways, and, in the context of this story, the fairness cuts both ways. Yet the sound increased yet the officers heard it not. I talked more quickly more vehemently but the noise steady increased. I arose and argued about trifles, in a high key and with violent gesticulations but the noise steadily increased. The narrator is hallucinating that he can hear the old mans heartbeat. He believes that the officers can hear the heartbeat as well, so he tries to speak louder to cover up the sound. Anything was more tolerable than this derision I could bear those hypocritical smiles no longer I felt that I must scream or dieI admit the deed tear up the planks Here, here It is the beating of his hideous heart The narrator can no longer bear the sound of his hallucinations and admits to his murder to stop the heartbeat. This coincides with my quote because admitting the murder would obviously put him in jail, but it would free him of the hallucinations that he knows are exhalation to push him further into insanity.Admitting his murder is the narrators double-edged sword. In the meter England in 1819, Percy Shelley demonstrates that the presidential term can be corrupt just as easily as it can be goodly. The poem tells of the find of the dying king and his sons that take over the thr integrity. The people are famished and dying, and the laws and army, which were implemented to value the people, have turned against them and are now their oppressing force. A major metaphor in this work is the comparison of the government to unseeing, nescience leeches that live for their own benefit while sucking life from others. This poem is related to my quote because it frames the law as a double-edged sword. An army, which liberticide and fair game/ Makes as a two-edged sword to all who wield. This conveys th at the army, a force meant to protect the people, has turned against them. Golden and sanguine laws which tempt and slay expresses that the supposedly perfective tense laws are the reason for the oppression in England.This corresponds with my quote because the sovereignty of the government can create security or oppression depending on how the provide of the government is used. In the science fiction movie The Eternal sunshine of the Spotless Mind, Michel Gondry conveys that memories are the best and worst things people can have. The main characters of the movie, Joel and Clementine, meet at the beginning of the movie and quickly start dating. Their affinity takes a turn for the worst, and Clementine goes to a clinic to have all store of Joel literally erased from her mind. Joel learns about her procedure and decides to do the same for himself. During the procedure, however, Joel becomes consciously conscious(predicate) of all the memories hes losing and attempts to rearward( a) the process.The most prevalent point throughout the film is the parallels of Joel and Clementine and Hermes and Aphrodite. Not just the personalities of the deities that are portray in the film through the characters, but there are nonuple blushts in mythology between the couple that were cleverly re-enacted in the movie. This film connects to my quote because Joels memories are his double-edged sword. Keeping his memories of Clementine would be painful, oddly since she had her memories of him erased, and getting them erased would make him immobilise that pain but at the cost of all of the wonderful times he had with Clementine. Regarding Joels consideration to forget the painful memories, he is told, Blessed are the forgetful, for they get the better even of their blunders. On the other side of his sword, Joel has his memory wiped and, after failing to reverse the process, says to Clementine, Come back and make up a good-bye at least. Lets pretend we had one.Through every step of the movie, before the procedure, during the procedure, after the procedure, and before he even knows the procedure exists, memories serve as a double-edged sword for Joel. In the vivid painting finale of Caesar, Vincenzo Camuccini portrays that misuse of power will have consequences that displace that power. This painting illustrates the penetrative of Julius Caesar by his subjects and fellow court members. The focal point of the painting is Caesar (rather dramatically and arrogantly, even as hes being stabbed) falling to the commonwealth with several men around him wielding knives. The most apparent symbolism in the painting is depicted with the coloration of Caesar and his attackers. Caesar is depicted in red and his attackers in white. Red is meant to symbolize evil or oppression and white cleanliness or purity.Another man standing near Caesar is also depicted in red this is believed to be Brutus because he and Caesar were friends, yet he was still the one that initia ted the rebellion. Julius Caesar did many fantastic things politically and militarily for Rome, but, after assuming across-the-board control over the government, he became a dictator. His power-hungry oppression caused his fellow statesmen to temporary hookup against and murder him. The scene illustrated in the painting displays the anger ignited in the conspirators because of Caesars misuse of power. The painting is pertinent to my quote because power is displayed as a double-edged sword.A double edged sword cuts both ways is a reminder that everything you do, even if it seems like a good decision at the time, can have consequences. It encompasses the human tendency to be indecisive, to fear the unknown, or to act on impulse to avoid that fear. This quote is woven throughout history, and its meaning is still pertinent today. This phrase reiterates the importance of taking the time to weigh out every resource and truly understand the repercussions of your actions.

Introduction to Economics Exercise 1

INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMICS Exercise 1 1. What determines that a resource be scarce? Why is scarcity important in defining economics as a science Resources be seen as being scarce, when the unavoidablenesss go past the resources. The fundamental problem of economics relates to the choices made in the face of hold resources and unlimited wants. 2. Read your local newspaper and economic magazines. Explain the remnant between Microeconomics and Macroeconomics. From your research, bemuse three examples of microeconomic and macroeconomic issues.Microeconomics relates to the study of households and firms and the interaction between these different economic actors. Macroeconomics, however, relates to the study of the economy as a whole, and in particular problems pertaining to growth, unemployment and inflation. Examples of microeconomic issues 1. bell ceilings/floors 2. positive/negative externalities 3. ginger nut Examples of macroeconomic issues 1. inflation 2. unemployment 3. ec onomic growth (GDP) 3. Regarding the concept of Opportunity Cost, interpretation how your opportunity follow of going to the movies may be affected when a.You clear a final exam the undermentioned day b. The University will be shut down for a month starting today c. The kindred movie will be shown on TV tomorrow a) change magnitude b) belittle c) append 4. Explain if the following statements be true or false, Explain your reply d. The opportunity cost of choosing a certain activity is equal to the shopping mall of all the benefits of all the alternates non chosen. e. Opportunity cost is a subjective measure a) False the opportunity cost of choosing a certain activity is equal to the cost of the next best alternative forgone. ) True opportunity cost relates to the idiosyncratic, in that they must choose how to maximize their own receipts/happiness, and opportunity cost can vary from individual to individual. 5. Under what conditions is it possible to expand the Produ ction Possibility Frontier (If it is not possible, explain your reply) The PPF can expand during periods of technological innovation or the breakthrough of new resources. Or through the process of trade. 6. a) England 2/6 = 1/3, USA 1/5 b) Wheat = England, enclothe = England c) England = Wheat, USA = Clothes ) England should produce stubble and USA clothes. Using the following table Hours of sue needed to produce one unit England USA Wheat 2 1 Clothes 6 5 a. What is the opportunity cost of producing wheat berry in England and in the USA b. Which country has an absolute advantage in the production of wheat, and of clothes c. Which country has a comparative advantage in producing wheat and producing clothes d. Which country should specialize in the production of wheat? And of clothes? a. graphical record b. GRAPH c. GRAPHThe hold dear is in a higher place merchandise proportionality If the mo sackary value exceeds the remainder terms, a surplus occurs and in that loca tion will be competition among the sellers and worth will come down to the equilibrium point. This expressive style the equilibrium is tried to maintain in each of the cases. d. GRAPH Price is below the market equilibrium If the price is below the equilibrium a paucity occurs and there will be a competition among the buyers and the price will rise to the equilibrium level. This is also another way to unsex the equilibrium though there are changes that are occurring in the market in the prices. . The inferior skilful read will decrease when expelr income rises. These goods are affordable and adequately fulfill their purpose, but as more high-priced substitutes that offer more pleasure become available, the use of the inferior goods diminishes. f. A completing goodis agoodwith a negative shroud ginger nut of learn. This means the demand for a good will decrease when the price of the complementary good is ontogenesisd. g. If there is a rumor that price for this good will increase, demand will probably increase too. Consumers want to purchase the product before any increase.All the market will be affect we will see an increase of demand for main and complementary goods. Shortage will probably appear and price will increase to search equilibrium. Rumor will be reality. 7. Using the following demand and supply table Price Demand Supply 1. 25 8 28 1. 00 14 24 0. 75 20 20 0. 50 26 16 0. 25 32 12 a. Graph the demand curve and the supply curve b. Identify the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity c. Assume a price of 1. 00, Identify if there is shortage or surplus in the market and how the market forces behave to repair the equilibrium d.Now assume the price is 0. 50 and repeat the question supra e. Now assume this is the market behavior for an inferior good, what would happen if the consumers income would increase from $ 25 to $ 32 a week f. Assume this markets complementary good? s price increases, what would happen in this market g. Assume there i s a rumor that the price for this good will increases in the following days. How do expectations affect this market? What will be the final subject? For all the questions above you must support your answer with a graph. 8.Price duck soup of demand (0,1)/(-0,2) = -1,5 The demand is elastic and sensitive to price changes. 9. Price elasticity of demand ((0,38-0,5)/0,5) = -0,24 -24% ((26000-10000)/10000) = 1,6 160% (-0,24)/(1,6) = -0,15 The demand is elastic and sensitive to price changes. 10. a. Vodka prodigality good or superior good, make a vodka more expensive can increase its perceived value as a luxuriousness good to such an extent that gross revenue can go up, quite an than down. b. Table Salt necessity good, necessity goods are usually produced by apublic proceeds.We cant live without and wont likely curb back on even when times are tough c. Furniture normal good, this does not necessarily refer to the quality of the good, but an abnormal good would intelligibly not b e in demand, except for possibly lower socioeconomic groups. d. Perfume luxury good or superior good, making a perfume more expensive can increase its perceived value as a luxury good to such an extent that sales can go up, rather than down. e. Beet inferior good, we can interchange beet by others foodstuffs more expensive, better quality or that give more pleasure like a meat. f.Sugar necessity good, necessity goods are usually produced by apublic utility. We cant live without and wont likely cut back on even when times are tough. 11. Decision making is based on costs and benefits. That means you make purchases if the borderline benefits are greater than the price. Thus, when you decide to make a purchase, you are likely receiving something expenditure more to you than what you had to spend to buy it, or else you wouldnt have bought it. That net benefit, minus the equilibrium price, is consumer surplus. 12. GRAPH b. With a price of 4$, Bert buys 2 bottles.His CS for 2 bottles (7 -4) + (5-4) = 3 + 1 = 4$ c. With a price of 2$, Bert buys 3 bottles. His CS for 3 bottles (7-2) + (5-2) + (3-2) = 9$ 13. GRAPH A price ceiling occurs when the government puts a legal limit on how high the price of a product can be. In crop for a price ceiling to be effective, it must be site below the natural market equilibrium. When a price ceiling is set, a shortage occurs. A price floor is the lowest legal price a commodity can be sold at. Price floors are used by the government to prevent prices from being too low.For a price floor to be effective, it must be set above the equilibrium price. 14. a. 4P 80 = 100 2P 6P = 180 P = 30$ Q = 40 The equilibrium price is 30$ and the equilibrium quantity is 40 bushels b. GRAPH c. (0. 5) x (20) x (40) = 400 $ Consumer surplus (0. 5) x (10) x (40) = cc $ Producer surplus 400 + 200 = 600 $ Surplus Equilibrium 15. f. The divergence between marginal utility and total utility The marginal utility of a good or service is the gain or handout from an increase or decrease in the consumption of that good or service.All goods and services have their own marginal utility. The total utility is the sum of all marginal utilities for a good or service. Total utility is the aggregate sum of satisfaction or benefit that an individual gains from consume a given amount of goods or services. The more the person consumes, the bigger his or her total utility will be. g. The principle of diminishing marginal utility Diminishing marginal utility is to use or consume a good or service with the most important or efficient utility for us.